Rock Point Inventory - Hem of the Woods

Stand of hemlock, patches of moss indicating exposed bedrock (Dunham dolomite)

So it begins, my documenting of the plants of Rock Point, that is. Realizing I'd miss the early spring ephemerals, I thought I'd just start with the patches with lowest diversity and the ones that I'm most familiar with, before covering the rest of the property. I hope to finish these other patches by next summer. I spent a couple of hours this morning wandering around in my first area, which we call Hem of the Woods SW. Hem of the Woods is almost entirely hemlock in the overstory with very sparse cover in the understory. It is bordered to the NE by an artifical slope excavated out for the Island Line - now the bike path, the lake to the W, and a mature sugarbush along its southern border. Much of the diversity of plant life here is found at the borders or in breaks in the canopy.

Stand of wild sarsaparilla in foreground, growing in shade of a couple recently
downed hemlocks (one massive). Birch is relic of older logging

In one such sunny spot at the intersection of two trails where a few trees were cleared out (stumps remain as evidence), flowering plants thrive. In Hemlock Forests (yes capital H and F, see Wetland Woodland Wildland for the reference), flowering plants are incredibly uncommon. The anomalously high number of flowering plants in the understory can be attributed to the small size of the patch. In most cases, the understory vegetation is represented by small clumps of a single species, most of which can spread rhizomatically (e.g. posion ivy, rock polypody, false Solomon's seal, Canada mayflower). The seedlings are represented by an abundance of black cherry, a single basswood, occasional sugar maples, and several Norway maples, surprisingly. Shrubs were not abundant, and include glossy buckthorn, honeysuckle and red elderberry.

Doll's eyes flower stalk

The two main limiting factor at this site are sunlight and shallow soils on calcareous bedrock. Lack of sunlight is controlled by the existing canopy in addition to a northern aspect. Where the deltaic sandy soils from the Champlain Sea era have eroded away with the occasionally flooding of the intermittent stream, Brick's Brook, the canopy is still composed of hemlock.

Red baneberry growing adjacent to doll's eyes. Note the much thinner stalks that the flowers grow from

Below is a complete list of all the vascular plants I saw, except for the ferns (* = non-native).

Trees + Shrubs

Hemlock, Eastern	Tsuga canadensis		Pinaceae (Pine)
Maple, sugar	Acer saccharum		Aceraceae (Maple)
Birch, white	Betula papyrifera		Betulaceae (Birch)
Basswood, American	Tilia americana		Malvaceae (Mallow)
Hophornbeam	Ostrya virginiana		Betulaceae (Birch)
Buckthorn, common	Rhamnus cathartica	*	Rhamnaceae (Buckthorn)
Thimbleberry	Rubus odoratus		Rosaceae (Rose)
Cherry, black	Prunus serotina		Rosaceae (Rose)
Maple, Norway	Acer platanoides	*	Aceraceae (Maple)
Dogwood, alternate-leaf	Cornus alternifolia		Cornaceae (Dogwood)
Ivy, poison	Toxicodendron radicans		Anacardiaceae (Cashew)

Flowers

Mayflower, Canada	Maianthemum canadense		Liliaceae (Lily)
Hepatica, round-leaf	Hepatica americana		Ranunculaceae (Buttercup)
Jack-in-the-pulpit	Arisaema sp.		Araceae (Arum)
Wild sarsaparilla	Aralia nudicalis		Araliaceae (Ginseng)
Jewelweed, spotted	Impatiens capensis		Balsaminaceae (Touch-me-not)
Solomon's seal, false	Smilacina racemosa		Liliaceae (Lily)
Twisted stalk	Streptopus lanceolatus		Liliaceae (Lily)
Stinking Benjamin	Trillium erectum		Liliaceae (Lily)
Trillium, large-flowered	Trillium grandiflorum		Liliaceae (Lily)
Bellwort, sessile-leaved	Uvularia sessilifolia		Liliaceae (Lily)
Bellwort, large flowered	Uvularia grandiflora		Liliaceae (Lily)
Crowfoot, small flower	Ranunculus abortivus		Ranunculaceae (Buttercup)
Violet, downy yellow	Viola pubescens		Violaceae (Violet)
Spikenard	Aralia racemosa		Araliaceae (Ginseng)
Mystery mint			Lamiaceae (Mint)

Ferns

Fern, christmas	Polystichum acrostichoides		Dryopteridaceae (Wood fern)
Oak-fern	Gymnocarpium dryopteris		Dryopteridaceae (Wood fern)
Wood fern, intermediate	Dryopteris intermedia		Dryopteridaceae (Wood fern)
Fern, sensitive	Onoclea sensibilis		Onocleaceae (Sensitive Fern)
Polypody, rock	Polypodium virginianum		Polypodiaceae (Polypody)